REVIEW : PENGGUNAAN ENZIM PROTEASE PADA PAKAN AYAM BROILER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34128/jpb.v5i1.65Keywords:
enzim protease, kecernaan, performa, organ dalam, ransum unggasAbstract
Review artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan enzim protease pada pakan ayam broiler. Protein diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan. Kualitas pakan tidak hanya dihitung dari jumlah nutrien, tetapi nilai kecernaan pakan perlu diperhatikan. Salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan kecernaan yaitu penggunaan enzim. Enzim protease adalah jenis enzim yang menghidrolisis protein kompleks menjadi sederhana. Enzim protease umumnya menggunakan organisme dari Trichoderma longibrachiatum rifar, Fusarium equiseti, Trichoderma reesei, dan Bacillus licheniformis. Bacillus licheniformis merupakan organisme yang paling banyak digunakan untuk produksi enzim protease. Penggunaan enzim protease pada pakan ayam broiler sudah banyak dilakukan. Suplementasi enzim protease tidak efektif pada pakan ayam broiler yang nutriennya sudah baik karena tidak adanya peningkatan performa. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya penurunan performa seiring dengan peningkatan dosis protease seperti penurunan bobot badan dan peningkatan feed conversion ratio (FCR). Namun, enzim protease dalam pakan rendah protein mampu meningkatkan konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi pakan ayam broiler. Selain itu, enzim protease juga mampu memperbaiki respon ukuran organ pencernaan dan kecernaan nutrien. Kombinasi enzim protease dengan enzim Non-Starch Polysaccharide juga mampu secara signifikan menurunkan berat relatif ampela, usus kecil, pankreas, ileum, panjang relatif duodenum dan ileum serta meningkatkan berat relatif organ limfoid (timus, bursa Fabricius, limpa) dan energi yang dapat dimetabolisme (Energi Metabolisme Semu (EMS), Energi Metabolisme Murni (EMN), Energi Metabolis Semu Terkoreksi Nitrogen (EMSn), dan Energi Metabolis Murni Terkoreksi Nitrogen (EMMn).
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